https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Index ${session.getAttribute("locale")} 5 https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:46427 n = 4], diffusion tensor imaging [n = 3], arterial spin labeling [n = 1], and resting-state functional MRI [n = 1]) in which results for 5 distinct and 4 similar study samples aged 8.7 6 0.6 to 10.2 6 1.0 years and typically of relatively low socioeconomic status were reported. Effects were reported for 12 regions, including frontal lobe (n = 3), parietal lobe (n = 3), anterior cingulate cortex (n = 2), hippocampus (n = 1), and several white matter tracts and functional networks. Limitations: Findings need to be interpreted with caution as quantitative syntheses were not possible because of study heterogeneity. Conclusions: There is evidence from randomized controlled trials that participation in physical activity may modify white matter integrity and activation of regions key to cognitive processes. Additional larger hypothesis-driven studies are needed to replicate findings.]]> Wed 23 Nov 2022 10:19:18 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:51829 Wed 20 Sep 2023 10:07:29 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:33456 Thu 27 Jan 2022 15:56:11 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:48837 1 hour were recruited during 2015–2017. Inpatient costing records were obtained for 753 infants, of whom 676 were included in the per-protocol analysis. Two scenarios were considered: (1) CPAP versus nHF, with infants in the nHF group having “rescue” CPAP backup available (trial scenario); and (2) CPAP versus nHF, as sole primary support (hypothetical scenario). Effectiveness outcomes were rate of endotracheal intubation and transfer to a tertiary-level NICU. Results: As sole primary support, CPAP is more effective and on average cheaper, and thus is superior. However, nHF with back-up CPAP produced equivalent cost and effectiveness results, and there is no reason to make a decision between the 2 treatments on the basis of the cost or effectiveness outcomes. Conclusions: Nontertiary special care nurseries choosing to use only 1 of the modes should choose CPAP. In units with both modes available, using nHF as first-line therapy may be acceptable if there is back-up CPAP.]]> Thu 13 Apr 2023 09:38:48 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:7295 Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:42:10 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:13804 2, 95% confidence interval [CI] −2.18 to −0.32) and BMI z score (−0.10, 95% CI −0.18 to −0.02). Studies comparing lifestyle interventions to usual care also resulted in significant immediate (−1.30kg/m², 95% CI −1.58 to −1.03) and posttreatment effects (−0.92 kg/m², 95% CI −1.31 to −0.54) on BMI up to 1 year from baseline. Lifestyle interventions led to significant improvements in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (−0.30 mmol/L, 95% CI −0.45 to −0.15), triglycerides (−0.15 mmol/L, 95% CI −0.24 to −0.07), fasting insulin (−55.1 pmol/L, 95% CI −71.2 to −39.1) and blood pressure up to 1 year from baseline. No differences were found for high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Conclusions: Lifestyle interventions can lead to improvements in weight and cardio-metabolic outcomes. Further research is needed to determine the optimal length, intensity, and long-term effectiveness of lifestyle interventions.]]> Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:25:25 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:13798 Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:25:25 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:12428 .05). Some metabolic outcomes improved at 24 months, although there were no between-group differences (P > .05). Conclusions: A reduction in BMI z score was sustained at 24 months by treatment with either program combination. The greatest effects were achieved through inclusion of a parent-centered diet program, indicating the importance of targeting parents within treatment and the possibility of targeting them exclusively in treating obese prepubertal children.]]> Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:17:46 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:13126 Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:15:42 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:19227 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:54:54 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:5283 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:46:28 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:29552 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:33:10 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:22253 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:17:35 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:24608 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:11:55 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:38575 n = 1813) were used to model latent class alcohol use trajectories over 5 annual follow-ups (mean age = 13.9 until 17.8 years). Regression models were used to determine whether child, parent, and peer factors at baseline (mean age = 12.9 years) predicted trajectory membership and whether trajectories predicted self-reported symptoms of AUD at the final follow-up (mean age = 18.8 years). RESULTS: We identified 4 classes: abstaining (n = 352); late-onset moderate drinking (n = 503); early-onset moderate drinking (n = 663); and early-onset heavy drinking (n = 295). Having more alcohol-specific household rules reduced risk of early-onset heavy drinking compared with late-onset moderate drinking (relative risk ratio: 0.31; 99.5% confidence interval [CI]: 0.11-0.83), whereas having more substance-using peers increased this risk (relative risk ratio: 3.43; 99.5% CI: 2.10-5.62). Early-onset heavy drinking increased odds of meeting criteria for AUD in early adulthood (odds ratio: 7.68; 99.5% CI: 2.41-24.47). CONCLUSIONS: Our study provides evidence that parenting factors and peer influences in early adolescence should be considered to reduce risk of later alcohol-related harm. Early initiation and heavy alcohol use throughout adolescence are associated with increased risk of alcohol-related harm compared with recommended maximum levels of consumption (late-onset, moderate drinking).]]> Fri 05 Nov 2021 16:20:07 AEDT ]]>